The diesel engine is an internal combustion heat engine whose power is achieved by the high temperature produced by the compression of air inside the cylinder. It was invented and patented by Rudolf Diesel in 1895, which derives its name. It was initially designed and presented at the international fair of 1900 in Paris as the prime mover for "biofuel" as pure oil or coconut palm. Diesel also claimed in his patent the use of coal dust as fuel, although not used as abrasive is.a diesel engine works through the ignition (burning) of fuel to be injected into a chamber (or pre-chamber, where indirect injection) containing combustion air at a temperature above the temperature of spontaneous combustion without spark. The temperature that initiates the combustion comes from the rise in pressure that occurs in the second half of the engine compression. The fuel is injected into the top of the compression chamber at high pressure, so that is atomized and mixes with air at high temperature and pressure. As a result, the mixture burns very quickly. This causes the combustion gas in the chamber expands, pushing the piston down. The connecting rod transmits this motion to the crankshaft, which rotates, transforming the linear movement of the piston into a rotary motion.
To produce the necessary pre-ignition heat the oil-fuel or fuel used heavier than those used in the gasoline engine, using the petroleum distillation fraction varying between 220 º C and 350 ° C, which is referred diesel or diesel in English.
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